3/11/2023 0 Comments 12 minutes engineThe vehicle’s gearbox multiplies the engine’s torque. So even if you rev the motor over & above the peak-torque speed, the torque doesn’t increase any further. If you raise the motor above this speed, its torque starts to decrease because of the increased friction of the moving parts. In other words, the engine efficiency is at the maximum at a speed where it produces its peak-torque. Then, the torque reaches its peak value at a speed where it is most efficient. It also means that the engine can move the vehicle quickly from a standstill, pull heavier loads, or climb a slope relatively easily, as the case may be, without revving hard. If the motor generates a more significant amount of torque at the lower end of the rpm band, it implies that the motor has higher ‘low-end torque’ or better pulling-ability at slow speeds. This rpm band is very crucial when moving a vehicle from a standstill or driving in slow-speed conditions such as in traffic. ‘ Low-End-Torque‘ is the engine’s torque at the lower engine speed band, i.e., between 1000-2000 rpm. Often manufacturers use this term to describe a motor’s torque performance. Thus, it helps in better acceleration and effects fewer gear shifts while driving. Its value remains almost the same or ‘flat’ across most of the engine speed ranges (2500-4000 rpm). In ‘flat-curve’ design, the motor produces maximum torque at a ‘ lower-to-middle-end‘ of its speed, i.e., approx. Most modern diesel engines deliver a ‘ flat-curve‘ torque. As a result, the HP reaches its maximum value later at a higher engine rpm and fades out at the red line. After this, it starts to fade out rapidly while the horsepower still keeps rising. In the ‘peak-curve’ design, the torque peaks at the middle of the engine speed range (around 2500-3000 rpm). Most petrol engines typically produce a considerably high ‘low-end torque.’ However, usually, they exhibit ‘peak-curve’ torque in the shape of the ‘peak’ of a hill. The rate of acceleration also depends on the vehicle’s weight and the ‘load’ carried by the vehicle. However, the torque controls its acceleration/pick-up. In a conventional engine, the horsepower governs the vehicle’s top speed (thru’ gear ratios). Similarly, heavier is the vehicle or a vehicle with full rated load requires a higher amount of torque to pull it and get it moving. It determines a vehicle’s ‘ driveability‘ & ‘ acceleration.’ Torque is most needed while moving a vehicle from the standstill and/or climbing a slope. The ‘ torque-band‘ in an engine curve represents its pulling ability. They are related and proportional to each other by speed. Torque and Horse-Power are the twin outputs of an engine. Torque= 5252 x HP/RPM Why Is It So Important? If you know the Horse-Power of the engine, then you can use the following formula – Bugatti Veyron is one of the cars in the world with the highest torque figures. In contrast, a diesel engine starts at about 1500-1700 rpm and peaking at 2000-3000 rpm. In petrol engines, it characteristically starts at around 1000-1200 rpm and reaches a peak in the range of 2,500–4,000 rpm. Most automotive engines produce a sound torque output within a narrow band of the engine’s entire speed range. Most ‘ under-square’ engines with higher stroke length than their bore diameter tend to develop a lot of ‘low-end torque.’ The torque that an engine can exert depends on the engine speed or RPM.ĭifferent engine designs/configurations develop divergent torque characteristics such as peak curve/flat curve. Besides, it also depends on combustion pressures & speed in rpm. The torque output of an automotive engine mainly depends on its stroke-to-bore ratio, compression ratio. Hence, its output varies depending upon its application. Sometimes the camshaft is in the head or mounted above it.Every engine is designed and built for a specific purpose. , which operates mechanisms that open and close the Mixture enters the cylinders, and others through which the gases produced by theirĪt the crankshaft. The cylinder head contains valve-controlled passages through which the air and It consists of two basic parts: the lower, heavier section is the cylinder block, a casing for the engine's main moving parts the detachable upper cover is the As the mixture burns it expands, providing power to drive the car. , which ignites a mixture of petrol vapour and compressed air inside a momentarily sealedĪnd causes it to burn rapidly. The chain of reactions which achieve that objective is set in motion by a It is a complex machine built to convert heat from burning
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